CJEU C-582/14 Breyer (dynamic IP addresses) 19 Oct 2016
The CJEU held that not only static IP addresses (ref. Scarlet) are protected personal data under data protection law, but also dynamic ones, and that national laws can't restrict interest which are legitimate under EU law.
Feb 11, 2024
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Art. 57(4) 'requests' include 'complaints' in 57(1)(f) and 77(1) and aren't 'excessive' due to volume alone; DPAs must show abuse, and can then charge a reasonable fee or refuse to act after considering all circumstances and ensuring their choice is justified.
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Processing customers' titles to personalise communication based on gender isn’t essential for performing a contract; nor is it for a legitimate interest if they weren't informed beforehand, the processing isn't strictly necessary, or the balancing test goes in their favor.
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NB! Updated re: explicit consent. Competitors can take legal action against your GDPR violations if considered an illegal unfair commercial practice. Special category personal data threshold is lowered: ordering pharmacy-only medicinal products online is considered sharing health data.